How to read a scientific paper

adventuresinchemistry:

Step 1: begin at the beginning

  • read the title
  • get excited for cool science
  • note the authors 
  • get mad at them for having more papers than you
  • spend ten minutes wondering if you’d have been better off going to whatever institution they’re at
  • die a little inside

Step 2: the abstract and introduction

  • read the abstract
  • skip right to the introduction because you’re not completely sure what they’re talking about and maybe that will clear it up
  • alright now we’re talking
  • understand the entire first paragraph of the introduction
  • mostly get the second and third paragraphs
  • skip over the technical bit at the end because boring

Step 3: the results (aka the good stuff)

  • read the first paragraph
  • really not get what’s being said
  • skip right to figure 1
  • read the figure caption
  • call it good, you got the jist
  • repeat for the remaining figures

Step 4: give up

  • this paper really isn’t answering the question you had in the first place
  • you’ll just cite it later it’s fine

Step 5: keep doing science!

  • fail because of some unexpected and puzzling problem
  • spend 2-6 weeks troubleshooting and getting nowhere
  • decide to do another literature search to see if anyone else has had this issue
  • find the same paper you read before cited a bunch

Step 6: reread

  • actually like read it this time
  • get to the end 
  • find the answer to your question
  • die a little inside
  • wonder why you didn’t just read it fully to begin with and save yourself weeks of work

Step 7: follow citations to another paper that looks relevant

  • repeat entire cycle
  • wonder why science is so hard

In New Hampshire, a girl scout named Cassandra Levesque learned that girls in her state could marry at 13. So she set out to change the law.
A legislator sponsored Cassandra’s bill to raise the age to 18, and researchers found that two 15-year-olds had recently married in New Hampshire, along with one 13-year-old. But politicians resisted the initiative.
“We’re asking the Legislature to repeal a law that’s been on the books for over a century, that’s been working without difficulty, on the basis of a request from a minor doing a Girl Scout project,” scoffed one state representative, David Bates. In March the Republican-led House voted to kill the bill, leaving the minimum age at 13. (Legislators seem willing to marry off girls like Cassandra, but not to listen to them!)

flavoracle:

theitalianscrub:

flavoracle:

writing-prompt-s:

A Genie offers you one wish, and you modestly wish to have a very productive 2017. The genie misunderstands, and for the rest of your life, every 20:17 you become impossibly productive for just 60 seconds.

“Well, it was a nice day.” You kiss your sweetheart gently on the forehead and sigh as the last remaining seconds of 20:16 tick away. “See you at 8:18,” you say. 

Then it happens. Every ounce of fatigue or hunger leaves your body. The face of your beloved is perfectly still, their expression exactly the same. The ticking of the clock on the wall has stopped. Once again, it’s 20:17. 

You stretch your arms and walk to the table with the homework for the three doctorates you’re working on. The work is mentally stimulating and enjoyable, but it’s finished far too quickly. You check your pocket watch and see that not even one hundredth of a second has passed. 

You knew it was too soon to be able to see any movement on the watch, but you can never quite help yourself from looking early on every 20:17. Time to move on. 

You clean your home, do your budget, then go outside and fix a noise that your car was making earlier that afternoon. (Oh how you already miss afternoons.) Then you go back inside, boot up your computer (which magically speeds up to keep pace with you as long as you’re in contact with it) and check for any new orders. 

You’ve set up a website for the small business you started called “Magic Elf Services.” People in your area can pay a modest fee on your site to have different tasks and odd jobs done by “The Magic Elf” at 8:17pm every day. It was a little slow to get started, but word has spread and these days you have a steady stream of clients. 

The money that comes in from the business is nice, but you’re mostly grateful that it gives you a clear list of things to do. You print off your updated list of clients, step outside, and start making your way through the neighborhood with your to-do list. 

There’s the apartments down your street where several neighbors have hired you to tidy up, do the dishes, and mop the floors. You do the windows too, just to see if they notice. There’s the large house across town that paid the “Magic Elf” to clean out the gutters. After the first dozen jobs are done, you manage to stop looking at your pocket watch. 

As near as you’ve been able to determine in the past, 20:17 seems to last for approximately one normal year. But it’s not exact. For one thing, it’s hard to keep track of “time” when everything but you has crawled to an almost total standstill. For another thing, time seems to move differently depending on how “productive” your behavior is. One time you tried to spend all of 20:17 sitting at home in your pajamas, but that was getting you nowhere, so you eventually gave up and got busy. (Though you defiantly stayed in your pajamas the whole time.) 

During 20:17 your body doesn’t get tired, hungry, sick, or injured. You’re essentially tireless and immortal for the duration of the “minute.” So sleeping or eating away your boredom has never really worked for you. 

One of the houses on your list forgot to follow the instructions and leave a key for you to get in. At first you figure you’ll just send them an email telling them to pay more attention and that you’ll do the job tomorrow. Then you decide to go home, get your locksmith tools, and come back. 

After finishing up all the jobs on your list, you go into several other homes and small businesses in the area, performing tasks you hope they’ll find helpful, and leaving a hand-painted business card at each one. (The business cards don’t contain your real name just in case somebody thinks “The Magic Elf” should be subject to breaking and entering laws.) 

Speaking of laws, you head down to the local police station to pick up your case file. You’ve been in contact with a detective who’s been investigating corruption within their department, and your ability to investigate unseen and get in almost anywhere between the ticks of the clock has proven invaluable. You see that they’ve also added five missing person cases to your file this evening, which certainly raises your interest in the job. 

You make your way through town gathering evidence, and start making your way to the outskirts of town. Since you happen to be out that way (and you’ve already solved three of the five missing person cases) you decide to swing by the stone castle you’re building and do some more work there. 

The castle walls stand about 20 feet right now, but you know they’ll be much higher when you’re done. You’re far from any roads and pretty safely tucked away, so for now it’s your little secret. You’ve been excavating and moving all the rock yourself, which has been much easier than you first expected since your body doesn’t get tired or sore. You’ve also got a nice system of tunnels going underneath the castle, and you dig and build more of that network for a while. 

All that time spent underground has left you feeling rather lonely, so you walk back home to see the face of your sweetheart. Their facial expression has moved ever so slightly since you last saw them, which is a comfort to you. Looking at them gets your imagination going and makes you dream up a story you’d like to tell, so you sit on your couch, plug in your laptop, and write a book. 

After you finish editing the last chapter for the third time, you finally allow yourself to look at your pocket watch again. Three seconds have officially passed so far. 

It’s gonna be a long 20:17. 

Wow, Dave. You managed to take a concept that seems nice on the exterior and make it into a real nightmare. This is some good stuff.

Which is EXACTLY why you should never trust a wish-granting djinn. 

stele3:

laureljupiter:

laureljupiter:

I’m looking at screenshots of this horde of furious girls and women destroying Joss Whedon on twitter and it’s so great

Motherfucker you knew you were a misogynist and a fraud in 2002 when you wrote the autobiographical Buffy episode about Andrew the filmmaker fetishizing the pain and hero stories of the house full of women who despise him, and now it’s finally coming crashing down on you and happening in real life.

I sincerely hope some of those girls calling him a piece of shit and a trash can and demanding, “fight me” shook him; this has been his deepest fear about his behavior towards women for over a decade now, but he hasn’t made a change, and he’s always known on some level that he deserves to be hated for it.

BUFFY: Are you still filming me? Stop.
ANDREW: But it’s a valuable record. A-an important document for the ages. ‘A Slayer in Action.’
BUFFY: ‘A Nerd in Pain.’ Would they like that? Cause we could do that.

BUFFY: When your blood pours out it might save the world. What do you think about that? Does it buy it all back? Are you redeemed?
ANDREW: No.

Ugh ok ok I actually have a ridiculous amount of words about this (hi ocelot, can I post those emails from 2012??)  But I wanted to say that this… idk.  This has been a long time coming for Joss and it’s absolutely a bed he made for himself, and it makes me gratified on a brutal visceral level to see it coming back to bite him, but a lot of that anger is watching an artist I loved curdle into his own self-hate and turn into the kind of awful man he used to write about.  Joss…Joss has had a recurrent fantasy of self-loathing and shame about his treatment of female characters and actresses that started, afaik, in season 6 of Buffy, with the introduction of the three nerd villains Warren, Jonathan, and Andrew.

The initial patriarchal villains of the Buffyverse were men who abused women using either brute strength or political power: Angelus, the Watchers, the Mayor. The three nerds introduced another kind of misogynistic male antagonist that grew to dominate and completely consume Joss’s work in the 00s: the nerdy, story-obsessed guy who used his intelligence and mastery of technology to abuse and control strong, heroic women.  Nerdy men who, like Joss, either created or tampered with the women they wanted total control over, either by building androids or altering existing women, usually via invasive medical torture.  Joss the writer invents the character of Buffy while having workplace clashes with her actress Sarah Michelle Gellar;  Andrew, Warren, and Jonathan drug their girlfriends into compliance and create the BuffyBot to obey their will.  This villain character would show up again and again in Joss’ later works: the scientist who had, thanks to his technical and storytelling skills, been given custody by higher powers over women who would normally be far out of their range of influence. And, uncomfortably, all of the actors cast for these roles bore a striking physical resemblance to Joss.

When Joss aired “Storyteller”, I was surprised and impressed.  It was penned by Jane Espenson, Buffy’s strongest staff writer, and was a story about Andrew the Joss doppelganger filming the house of potential Slayers for a series he called “Buffy, Slayer of the Vampyres.”  A major theme of “Storyteller” was Andrew’s intrusive use of the Buffy cast’s personal lives and pain to make a good story, his refusal to acknowledge their privacy, and possibly, as Anya kept insisting, to use his videos as masturbation material.  It seemed like a huge moment of self- awareness and self-reflection about the relationship Joss had to the real and fictional women who worked for him, especially given the conflicts he had at the time with actresses like Charisma Carpenter over her character Cordelia and personal bodily autonomy (pregnancy).   It was self-critical and raw and I was incredibly proud of Joss for being willing to go there in such a public way.

Buffy ended, and Andrew redeemed himself, but the misogynist-nerd-self-loathing metastory intensified. One of the aspects of the Three Nerds villain arc that had always made me profoundly uncomfortable was the way Joss positioned the boys’ nerdy pursuits and lack of traditional masculinity– not just their treatment of women– as something inherently repulsive. 
Viewers were supposed to be disgusted by the sight of three dorky boys nerding out over Star Wars figurines.  Buffy and the house full of potential slayers call Andrew vile names for being a nerd, not in response to his behavior; by the end of his run, I felt the urge to protect Andrew, not from the girls, but from Joss, who was clearly using him as a punching bag onto which he was projecting his own self-loathing.  (Eventually Joss was quoted saying that Andrew was, as had been hinted, gay, but would remain in the closet indefinitely “because it’s funny,” something that horrified and enraged fans, but which Joss seemed to view, appallingly, as as an ultimate emasculation.)   

The next major Joss project was Dollhouse, with evil scientist and Joss lookalike Topher Brink programming, manipulating, and violating various women into playacting roles he’d scripted for them.  It was such a blatant story about Joss and his actresses it was difficult to watch.  Like, My Feminism Is Just An Excuse To Exploit Hot Actresses, I Am Such A Disgusting Creature!!!  Coming soon to the CW!   His next project, the webseries I Am So Horrible And My Feminism Is A Sham, featuring NPH as the Joss stand-in, was similarly cringeworthy. 

A big outlier here is Wash, from Firefly and Serenity, who almost fit the pattern, but not quite, and that “not quite” was enough of a problem that, like the similar character Oz, he had to be written out of the story.  Alan Tudyk had the same general physical resemblance to Joss and the same dress sense as Andrew, Topher, and Billy Horrible.  His dinosaur theater sessions looked and sounded like the action figure games the Trio played, and the blurb for Joss’s media company, Mutant Enemy.   But unlike all the other nerdy blond men of the Whedonverse, Wash was in a equal and loving relationship with the strong soldier woman he adored.  Other characters in the series were preoccupied with the traditional gender role imbalance in Wash and Zoe’s marriage and questioned whether Wash felt emasculated by his wife being stronger than he was, but both Wash and Zoe were completely above and untouched by it.  She was a warrior woman and she was married to a dorky guy who told stories and who wasn’t the most physically powerful man on her crew.  She could have broken him in half with her pinky and they loved and respected each other and had a happy, healthy marriage. This was, somehow, too much for Joss to handle, and so Wash had to die. 

When venting about Joss I want to say that the problem isn’t that Joss was always terrible, or that all of his work was tainted or had a poisonous message from the beginning.  It wasn’t; Buffy was and still is incredibly important; it had the kind of powerful emotional intelligence that burrows into your heart and stays there and I think it still stands by itself, years later.  Buffy still stands.  Charles Gunn still stands.  Anya still stands.  When my mother passed away last year, I watched “The Body” like a ritual, and I know I’m not the only person to have done something similar.  That canon isn’t going anywhere.

The problem is that at some point in his career, Joss became so intent on the masochistic fantasy of being hated by strong women for being a nerd that he spent a decade writing stories about violating those women to ensure they would hate him.   I wish Joss had ended that obsession with “Storyteller.”  I wish he had talked about the feelings that made him want to make “Dollhouse” with his therapist and tried to make things right with Charisma Carpenter instead of turning those particular personal demons into a bad TV show.  I wish the ideas of intimacy and equality weren’t so threatening to him that he had to write men like Oz and Wash out of existence instead of trying to evolve into them.  I wish he hadn’t let himself fall into that pit of destructive self-loathing back in 2002, and I wish he hadn’t stayed there so long that he started to turn that hate outward onto the women he perceived as loathing and rejecting him.  I wish he hadn’t turned, in twenty years, from the man who wanted to see the blonde girl in the horror movie survive and thrive into the rich bastard who thought it was funny to call Natasha Romanoff a cunt on IMAX and who called her a monster for being the victim of medical abuse.   I’m still laughing angrily at Joss being driven off twitter by a mob of angry, betrayed female fans, because wow does he ever deserve it, but man, Joss.  It didn’t have to be that way.

I think this is the best summation of the Joss Whedon issue that I’ve seen thus far.

Wild Women

pokeasleepingsmaug:

@ceridwenofwales and all her Greek myth female empowerment posts this morning have been super inspiring for me! Thanks for posting them, girl. I started this poem a while ago and this was just the kick I needed to finish it. It’s got nothing to do with anything I usually post, but I’m going to post it anyway 🙂

We come from a long line of wild women,
sooner shoot daggers with our eyes than look at you,

Back from the Amazons who cut off a
breast to fire bows better than a man can,

All the way up to me laying in mud with
my cheekbone pillowed on an M4.

We are the pride of Penthesilea, rather
have Achilles kill her than love her, as he thinks that in that final
moment before death she’ll surrender

But she knows she’ll just laugh
because she comes from a long line of wild women;

Free as a woodland sprite, rip you
apart like Artemis did if you dare dishonor her, if you try to comb
the flowers from her hair and scrub the starlight from her skin.

You can attempt to tame her but you
can’t conquer a girl with a spirit more monumental than mountains

Because we come from a long line of
wild women, swifter than Atalanta, queen of catch-me-if-you-can,

And you can’t catch a woman who runs
with the wind ever at her back chasing sunlight on ocean waves
because the sea is in her veins;

Morgan le Fey beating her brother at
his own game because nothing is quite so clever as the way a woman
with the night sky in her eyes distills moonbeams into magic,

And we come from a long line of wild
women, back from Boudicca sending Romans running to their own shores

To her descendent watching hellfires
rain from attack helicopters zooming higher than the ravens of the
Morrigan,

The queen of carnage dancing to the
clangor of spears on shields because sometimes chaos is beautiful if
you take the time to understand it,

Like Helen of Troy and the destruction
she caused, a pretty face and sleek hair laying waste to an entire
city with a single smoldering glance

Because she came from a long line of
wild women, would rather start wars than relinquish freedoms;

A follower of Circe, turning men into
pigs so they’ll leave her the hell alone,

Joan of Arc swearing herself to God and
leading his armies, and just you try to force yourself on a woman
with a weapon

Because let me tell you something about
women—when we go to the bathroom in groups it’s for your own
safety.

Since we come from a long line of wild
women, Sergeant Milunka Savich came back from a piss break with 23
captured enemies

And now her descendants carry ka-bars
and rifles in deserts, combing sand from hair but never scrubbing
starlight from skin;

Cleopatra tempting all just to lead
them to an early demise because how dare you try to conquer her

When you knew all
along she comes from a long line of wild women, Valkyries laughing as
they select their next eager victims,

And Eve offering Adam an apple she knew
he couldn’t have all because he demanded she be created and he
expected her to be subservient

But she was the first in a long line of
wild women, sooner shoot you with her eyes than look at you.

notanicedragon:

The double knitting technique is great. It has a light side, and a dark side, it binds the scarf together… you can see where I’m going with this can’t you. I only found out about double knitting this past summer and got monumentally carried away. This Star Wars Scarf is just one of the results.

Click on the knitting charts for full sized images. They are worked in order bottom to top.

Edit: For everyone asking I used
UK size 10 (3.25mm) needles and the yarn was a reasonably
priced dk weight (8ply). I used
about 150g of each colour but I knit pretty tightly so you may want to
get extra.